油菜素内酯对沙棘抗旱生理的影响

采用盆栽控水、根系浸蘸和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRS)的方法,对黄土丘陵区主要造林树种沙棘苗重要保护酶活性、重要渗透调节物质以及质膜稳定性进行了测定和分析.结果表明:沙棘苗经BRS0.1～0.4 mg/L处理后,SOD和CAT活性在轻度干旱(土壤含水量12%～13%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量7%～8%)下,虽较清水对照升高,但无显著差异;在轻度干旱下,POD活性0.3 mg/L处理显著高于对照,类胡萝卜素含量0.1～0.3 mg/L处理较对照极显著增加;在轻度和重度干旱下,脯氨酸含量较对照增加不显著,可溶性糖含量0.3和0.4 mg/L处理显著高于对照,质膜相对透性,较对照显著降低,丙二醛含量在轻度干旱下,较对照显著降低,重度干旱下降低不显著.综合以上结果:BRS处理提高了沙棘苗的抗旱性.     

森林游憩的生态冲击及对策探讨

森林游憩活动对生态环境的冲击主要来源于开发建设、企业经营和游憩活动三方面;冲击的对象主要表现在植物和土壤、野生动物、水体、大气和种群结构等方面。在全面分析森林游憩对生态环境的冲击的基础上,提出了科学规划、生态化建设和生态化管理等减少生态冲击的对策。     

群众杨组培体系的研究

以群众杨(Populus popularis 35-44)为材料建立组织培养再生系统。研究表明，外植体取材部位对不定芽的分化率有非常明显的影响，叶片的再生能力较弱，而幼茎的再生能力很强，叶柄的再生能力介于叶片及幼茎之间。因此，无菌苗幼茎是快繁和基因转化的理想外植体。在组培体系建立过程中发现再生不定芽中存在生长优于对照的个体，是否为体细胞无性系变异有待进一步研究。     

Cross Breeding of Populus and Its Hybrids for Cold Resistance

Populus tomento a was crossed with P. tremuloidis, P grandiden ata, P. lba × P. grandidentata and P. alba × Ulmus s . ta pumila in order to maintain its rapid growth and high wood quality and improve its resistance to cold. Two methods were used to increase the germination rate from 1.5% to 41.1% and the remaining rate from 1.7% to 44.2%. Forty crossing combinations were conducted and 2 744 hybrid seedlings were obtained. MX. t4 × P grandiden ata (G-1-58), MX3 × P. tremuloidis (T-44-60), MX2 × P. tremuloidis (l-13-87-37) and MX2 × (P. alba × P. grandidentata) were regarded as superior combinations after analysis and selection. Thirty seedlings of these combinations and 11 triploid seedlings identified by counting their chromosomes were selected as super plants.     

森林与可持续发展

可持续发展是人类社会全方位的发展、进步、优化选择,而森林是可持续发展的保障。当今,水土流失,耕地退化,土地沙化,水资源不足等诱发的生态环境恶化,是制约我国实施可持续发展战略的障碍因素,以及“温室效应”,无不与森林有关,最好,最有效的方法是造林种草。当今全世界人民齐声大合唱的最强音,是保护环境,保护森林。森林,是民族繁荣的标志。     

马尾松飞播林土壤肥力研究

湖南省马尾松飞播林林地土壤肥力低下是制约其林分生长和发育的重要因素.通过土壤养分主成分分析,对马尾松飞播林土壤肥力级别进行了排序和分类,在此基础上,运用方差分析和灰色关联分析对土壤养分含量和土壤肥力水平进行了分析和评价.将湖南省马尾松飞播林地土壤肥力分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,全K、全N,微量元素Zn、Fe,以及土壤有机质含量在各肥力级别土壤中均存在显著差异,Ca、Mg、全P在各类土壤中的含量相差不大,全P在土壤中的含量极低,同时研究结果也表明,林分所处立地条件越好,土壤肥力水平就越高,这为马尾松飞播林林分施肥提供了科学依据.     

树桩盆景的养护管理技术

通过介绍生境管理，盆土管理和树上管理来讲述树桩盆景的养护管理技术。     

Growth of four tree species managed as hedgerows in response to liming on an acid soil in West Sumatra,Indonesia

A hedgerow intercropping study was conducted for 7 years in West Sumatra, Indonesia on an acid and highly Al-saturated soil to determine growth and yield responses of tree hedgerows and upland rice and cowpea intercrops. Three tree species,Paraserianthes falcataria, Calliandra calothyrsus, andGliricidia sepium and a no-tree control were planted at three lime rates with low annual fertilizer inputs of 20 kg P and 50 kg K ha^–1.Paraserianthes andCalliandra grew vigorously, whileGliricidia grew poorly and was replaced after four years withFlemingia macrophylla. After four years,Paraserianthes yields declined due to tree mortality, probably due to intensive pruning.Calliandra andFlemingia were well adapted to intensive pruning (4 to 6 times per year). Gliricidia growth was especially limited by low soil Ca availability and high soil acid saturation.Calliandra andFlemingia yields increased with liming only in the last several years of the study whileParaserianthes did not respond to lime. The species can be tentatively ranked in response to lime as:Gliricidia > Calliandra > Flemingia > Paraserianthes.     

Effect of snow cover on the distribution of non-migratory sika deer on the top of Mt. Tanzawa,Japan

On the basis of 268 direct sika deer observations and 212 ratio locations of three individuals, the influence of snow on deer distribution was studied. During the period of snow absence or its shallow cover, the deer did not show any preferences towards slope aspect. However, when the snow coverage became deeper, the deer used westerly exposures (having shallower snow cover) more intensively. Later on, when the snow started to melt on the easterly slope aspects deer mostly used those exposures due to relatively abundant food resources.     

Seasonal changes of understorey herbage yield in relation to light intensity and soil moisture content in a Pinus pinaster plantation

The relationship of understorey herbage yield with light intensity and soil moisture content was investigated in a 20-year-old Pinus pinaster plantation in Kilkis of Macedonia, northern Greece, in three seasons (fall, winter and spring). The plantation was thinned at three density levels, high, medium and low (2500, 1750 and 1000 trees/ha respectively) and it was seeded with Dactylis glomerata. In addition, two fertilization levels (0 and 110 N+150 P₂O₅ kg/ha) and grazing intensity levels (0 and 0.8 sheep/ha/yr) were applied in a split-split plot experimental design. It was found that herbage yield was highest in the ungrazed and fertilized low tree density stands in all seasons. In the medium tree density stand, although light was lacking, fertilized plots produced higher herbage yield as compared to unfertilized low tree density stands while fertilization is of no use in close stands if herbage production is the goal. Animals seemed to prefer fertilized and medium density stands. Third degree polynomial equations were the best to explain herbage variation through the seasons both in fertilized and unfertilized plots.